超级体育场的建筑

几乎每一个”starchitect” has designed one and almost every major sporting event brings a new opportunity to innovate a stadiums form and (non-sport) function. 来自赫尔佐格和德梅隆 鸟巢到扎哈·哈迪德备受争议的作品 al-Wakrah体育场到隈研吾的店 新国家体育场, the stadium has become a primary space for architectural innovation and exploration. Why does this building type allow for such a variety of architectural expression and attract big name talent across the globe?

Stadiums are huge spaces that have both rigid needs (seats and specific sized playing fields) and flexible programming space (everything that wraps around the field and potential integrations with non-game-day activities). 的re are opportunities for creativity in program but their rigid needs mean their necessary scale is monumental— and opportunities for monumental architecture in the 21st century are limited. 的 dezeen上的“体育场”标签 highlights the diversity in form such a standard program can facilitate. Architects are clearly attracted to the flexible monumentality of these projects.

另外, there aren’t many forms of contemporary architecture that can support the high cost of constructing a monument; the price tag on stadium architecture 通常达到10亿美元. 如此高昂的价格并非没有争议, with municipalities and federal governments now debating whether the economic benefits of these stadiums outweigh the tax breaks they 传统上. 的 debate is especially heated in cases like the 奥运会, where a long-term use for the stadium 可能不太清楚. 在这个例子中 平昌2018 奥运会, the stadium that was constructed is temporary and will be dismantled after the Games have ended, significantly decreasing the cost of the project compared to contemporary counterparts. Does this signal a move towards more fiscally responsible global event hosts? Will temporary constructions provide the same draw for big name architects?

超出了他们的规划需求和预算, stadiums are an interesting form of architecture for their role in a city. Stadiums serve a huge cultural purpose as a place of community and, 在某些方面, 礼拜场所, CNN的Sheena McKenzie说:

“It’s a vision of biblical proportions — tens of thousands of people weeping, 提高, 齐声吟唱. If sport were a religion, then the stadium would surely be its place of worship.

在这些寺庙里进行体能训练, 语言唤起了敬畏的球迷“祈求奇迹”,而失败则会引发严肃的“自我反省”.” So much so that architects these days must create more than a stage for human endurance. It’s as if they have been asked to perform the architectural equivalent of feeding the 5,000 with five loaves and two fish — constructing an arena to elevate the senses, 捕捉社区精神, and become an icon for a city long after the last fan has passed through the turnstiles.”

It’s no wonder that architectural giants find the stadium both an architectural playground and work worthy of their time. 的 stadium is a modern monument, but does it need to become a fiscally responsible one to survive?

图片由 威廉·贾斯滕·德·瓦斯孔塞洛 on Unsplash

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